Episode 33: How a Free Building Can Cost Everything: China, Africa, and Gifting Parliaments | Dr. Innocent Batsani-Ncube

May 21, 2026

A gift isn't always free. But when a foreign government offers to build your parliament—for free—it's easy to miss where the real cost lands.

In this episode, Dr. Innocent (Ib) Batsani-Ncube discusses China's role in constructing parliament buildings across Africa, and what these projects reveal about architecture, power, procurement, and urban development.

Drawing from years of research across Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Lesotho, Ib unpacks how these landmark buildings reshape cities and political systems—from imported construction materials and sidelined local architects to leaking domes that only foreign maintenance crews can repair.

Together, we explore:

  • How parliament buildings shape political culture and urban identity
  • What gets lost when foreign actors design local democratic spaces
  • Why procurement and infrastructure are never politically neutral
  • The tension between modernity, symbolism, and local belonging
  • What ordinary citizens, planners, and parliament staff really think about these projects
This episode explores how infrastructure is never just infrastructure. Parliament buildings are not only physical spaces — they shape governance, political culture, procurement systems, and the everyday experience of cities. By examining who builds these spaces and whose visions are embedded within them, the conversation raises deeper questions about sovereignty, urban identity, and development in African cities.

Dr. Batsani-Ncube's book, China and African Parliaments, is available now via Oxford University Press. 


Guest

Dr. Innocent (Ib) Batsani-Ncube

Ib is an Assistant Professor in African Politics at the Queen Mary, University of London’s School of Politics and International Relations. He has published award winning research articles on China’s political engagement in Africa. He has a forthcoming book on Chinese government funded and constructed parliament buildings in Africa under publishing contract at the Oxford University Press. At Queen Mary he convenes the China in the Global South module and co-teaches the Africa and International Politics course.

Learn more: 

Timestamps

  • 00:00 — The Leaking Parliament Dome Story
  • 01:05 — Introducing Dr. Innocent Batsani Ncube (Ib)
  • 02:00 — Who Gets to Build Democracy?
  • 03:20 — Ib’s Journey Into African Politics Research
  • 05:00 — Why China Donates Parliament Buildings
  • 07:05 — Malawi’s Parliament Building & the Scrapped Local Design
  • 14:10 — Local Capacity vs. Foreign Control
  • 17:45 — Imported Materials & Procurement Politics
  • 19:05 — Tracking Money, Ports & Bonded Warehouses
  • 24:10 — Parliament Buildings as Urban Landmarks
  • 28:15 — Beautiful Buildings, Broken Politics
  • 30:05 — Granary or Begging Bowl? The Symbolism of the Dome
  • 32:30 — The Dome That Leaks Like a Sieve
  • 34:15 — Lubumbashi's Mall Story
  • 38:00 — Planning, Informality & Urbanism in Africa
  • 42:00 — How Parliament Buildings Shape Political Systems
  • 49:00 — Lesotho’s Senate Design Failure
  • 52:00 — Community-Informed Design & Political Silos
  • 54:00 — China’s Long-Term Influence on African Urban Space
  • 58:35 — Final Thoughts + Book Recommendation

    • Key Topics

    • Infrastructure diplomacy
    • Procurement & economic leakage
    • Urban informality
    • China–Africa relations
    • Development & dependency
    • Community-informed design
    • Parliament buildings
    • Bonded Warehouses

    Favourite Moments from the Episode

    “The elite see a granary… but when you talk to the real people, they flip the script. It represents a begging bowl.”
    — Dr. Innocent Batsani-Ncube

    “You just changed the building, but you didn’t change the people… you didn’t change the culture.”
    — Dr. Innocent Batsani-Ncube


    “The reality is that the state is struggling to assert its authority because the spaces that they are creating… is a space that people are not using.”
    — Dr. Innocent Batsani-Ncube


    “China is not interested in the players per se, it’s interested in the game. When you control the game, the players are transient because the players come to the game.”
    — Dr. Innocent Batsani-Ncube

    Share on Bluesky

    Acknowledgements

    Sponsorships


    Support
    • Music Producer: Imany Lambropoulos
    • Podcast Host and Graphic Designer: Alexandra Lambropoulos

    Stay in the Loop

    Got feedback, an idea for an episode, or someone we should interview?

    Email us at hello@urbanlimitrophe.com or send a DM on social media—we’d love to hear from you.

    If you enjoyed the episode:

    Every share, review, and recommendation helps more people discover the podcast.

    Read more »

    Episode 32: How to Build a Better Innovation Ecosystem: Lessons from Botswana | Dr. Pierce Otlhogile-Gordon

    March 03, 2026

    We often think of innovation as something inherently good — new technologies, sleek apps, disruptive ideas, and economic growth.

    But who actually benefits from innovation? And what gets erased in the process?

    In this episode, Alexandra speaks with Dr. Pierce Otlhogile-Gordon, a knowledge architect and social change educator based in Botswana, about the relationship between innovation, development, land, power, and cultural knowledge systems.

    Together, they unpack Botswana’s efforts to build an innovation economy beyond diamonds, while exploring larger questions around colonialism, intellectual property, indigenous knowledge systems, youth unemployment, and the politics of global development.  

    Dr. Pierce shares how land, policy, history, and local knowledge shape what innovation can — and cannot — achieve; how national ambition meets lived reality; and what other countries, regions, and cities can learn from Botswana’s approach.

    Together, we explore:

    • How innovation is shaped by policy, history, and place
    • The opportunities and constraints facing emerging entrepreneurs
    • Why innovation is never truly neutral
    • The relationship between indigenous knowledge and intellectual property
    • The tension between national development goals and everyday realities

    Guest

    Dr. Pierce Edward Cornelius Otlhogile-Gordon 

    Across discipline, industry, and geographical borders, he's guided changemakers and changemaker communities reach professional and personal goals of system change.

    Each resource he's helped to build has synthesized and activated the creative impulse to build a more just, resilient, and communal global community.

    He deftly navigates the disciplines of innovation practice, evaluation capacity building, systems thinking, international development, speculative futures, and more. He's guided changemakers at community and national scopes across multiple continents, in the for-profit, academic, philanthropic, and non-profit sectors. Across his vast and eclectic professional journey, his work shares one principle: to orchestrate the spread of agency and creativity across the world.

    He holds a M.S. and Ph.D. from the Energy and Resources Group at the University of California, Berkeley, and summa cum laude B.S. degrees from the University of Michigan and Morehouse College.

    Learn more: piercegordon.me/

    Key Concepts

    • Creative Destruction (Joseph Schumpeter)
    • Path Dependency
    • World Systems Theory
    • Epistemicide
    • Innovation Ecosystem
    • Intellectual Property (IP)
    • Innovation Infrastructure
    • Indigenous Knowledge Systems

    Timestamps

    00:00 — Innovation, Ethics & Power
    00:30 — Innovation Beyond Silicon Valley
    01:15 — Botswana’s Development Story
    02:00 — Three Big Ideas to Keep in Mind
    03:05 — Meet Dr. Pierce 
    04:30 — What Actually Is Innovation?
    07:00 — Blockchain, AI & the Myth of Neutral Technology
    08:45 — Botswana’s Diamond Economy & the 50/50 Deal
    11:20 — Colonialism, Global Systems & “The Rules of the Game”: World systems theory, extraction, and development politics.
    13:00 — Indigenous Knowledge, Devil’s Claw & Intellectual Property
    The story of medicinal herbs, extraction, and ownership.
    17:00 — Exploitation Beyond Natural Resources: Culture, epistemicide, and the extraction of people and ideas.
    19:00 — What Is Epistemicide? Breaking down the concept and why knowledge systems matter.
    23:30 — Creative Destruction & Innovation Culture
    29:20 — Botswana’s Innovation Ecosystem: Innovation hubs, development policy, and building a future beyond mining.
    33:00 — Innovation Infrastructure & Botswana Innovation Hub: Place-based innovation, tech parks, and entrepreneurship ecosystems.
    36:00 — Why Good Innovation Policy Still Fails: The gap between policy creation and implementation.
    38:00 — Intellectual Property & Knowledge Access: IP infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and information access barriers.
    41:00 — Path Dependency & Building New Economies: Why moving beyond mining economies is so difficult.
    45:15 — Botswana’s Innovation Priorities: Mining, tourism, beef, clean tech, biotech, and indigenous knowledge systems.
    49:00 — What It Takes to Build Inclusive Innovation: Final reflections on co-design, equity, and empowering communities.
    51:40 — Where to Learn More About Dr. Pierce’s Work 

    Favourite Moments from the Episode

    “Do you know the rules of the game? And is everyone playing the game ethically?”
    — Dr. Pierce Otlhogile-Gordon

    “The human imagination does not only have to be limited to the problems that we have created.” 
    — Dr. Pierce Otlhogile-Gordon


    “Novelty is not the highest quality thing that we build.”
    — Dr. Pierce Otlhogile-Gordon


    “The focus of innovation is supposed to be solving problems.”
    — Dr. Pierce Otlhogile-Gordon

    Share on Bluesky

    Show Notes 

    Acknowledgements

    Sponsorships


    Support
    • Music Producer: Imany Lambropoulos
    • Podcast Host and Graphic Designer: Alexandra Lambropoulos

    Stay in the Loop

    Got feedback, an idea for an episode, or someone we should interview?

    Email us at hello@urbanlimitrophe.com or send a DM on social media—we’d love to hear from you.

    If you enjoyed the episode:

    Every share, review, and recommendation helps more people discover the podcast.

    Read more »

    Episode 31: Why Africa’s Water Crisis Matters Everywhere and What We Can Do About It (Trans Africa Pipeline Part 3)

    February 02, 2026



    How will water scarcity shape the future of cities, migration, and global stability?

    From climate change to migration, the African water crisis is deeply connected to global challenges — and global solutions. 

    In the final episode of this series, we explore why water scarcity is not just a regional issue, but a global one. We unpack the legacy of extractive systems, the role of youth and local leadership, and the urgency of declaring not just a climate emergency, but a water emergency. 

    Through the lens of the Trans Africa Pipeline, we ask: what does global responsibility look like in a time of water crisis — and what can we do to build a more secure, just, and caring future?

    You can listen to the podcast on The Nurubian |  Spotify | Podchaser | Stitcher | Amazon Music | RSS | Apple Podcasts 

    About the Series: How the Trans Africa Pipeline (TAP) Can Solve the Sahel Region’s Water Crisis

    What if water infrastructure could do more than deliver clean drinking water — what if it could transform economies, support food security, reduce climate migration, and unite communities across borders?

    In this 3-part series, Urban Limitrophe explores the story of the TransAfrica Pipeline (TAP) — a visionary project to bring clean, desalinated water across the Sahel through a 7,000-kilometre pipeline powered by renewable energy. Through conversations with co-founders Dr. Romila Verma and Dr. Rod Tennyson, we unpack how water connects to everything: agriculture, innovation, migration, environmental justice, and community resilience.

    TAP is more than a pipeline — it’s a call to imagine water systems built with care, creativity, and the future in mind.

    Enjoying the series? Continue Listening

    Guests

    Dr. Rod Tennyson

    Co-founder and Chair of the Board of Directors of TAP, Dr. Tennyson received his Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Toronto. He was Professor and Director of the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, with research experience in advanced materials and aerospace structures, fiber optic sensor systems and pipeline integrity. He has published 215 papers in these fields, holds six patents on sensing systems and has received many awards for his pioneering work. Dr. Tennyson directs all research and engineering aspects of the TAP project and leads negotiations with funding resources, governments and NGOs.


    Dr. Romila Verma

    A founding Director of TAP, Dr. Verma is an Instructor at the School of the Environment and Department of Geography at the University of Toronto. Her teaching and research interests are in the field of global water management, environmental science and climate change impacts. She is also the founder of Water Speaks, an organization committed to advancing and translating the voice of water through research, education and action.

    Shownotes

    Acknowledgements

    Sponsorships


    Support
    • Music Producer: Imany Lambropoulos
    • Podcast Host and Graphic Designer: Alexandra Lambropoulos

    Stay in the loop!

    If you would like to be interviewed, have an interesting idea to share for an episode, or have any feedback on the podcast, please email at hello[at]urbanlimitrophe.com or DM on social media!

    If you enjoy the show, please share it with your family, friends, best friend, babysitter, barber ... leave a review, or you can buy me a coffee here!

    Make sure to subscribe to the newsletter and follow the podcast on Instagram to stay in the loop for upcoming episodes and opportunities to engage with guests and the show. 

    Read more »

    Episode 30: How Water Infrastructure Shapes Our Lives (Trans Africa Pipeline Part 2)

    January 20, 2026

    Why do some water systems work—and others fail?

    Successful water infrastructure isn’t just about engineering. There’s a hidden social side — shaped by governance, culture, and power — that often determines whether systems actually work, or get built at all.

    In this second episode, beyond the technical side of infrastructure to explore the social, ethical, and ecological dimensions of water access. Dr. Verma introduces her Four Pillars of Water Sustainability — science, governance, economics, and cultural connection — and we explore how these ideas can reshape how cities, towns, and regions manage water today. From sponge cities to sacred rivers, we discuss why collaboration and care are at the heart of any truly sustainable water system.


    You can listen to the podcast on The Nurubian |  Spotify | Podchaser | Stitcher | Amazon Music | RSS | Apple Podcasts 

    About the Series: How the Trans Africa Pipeline (TAP) Can Solve the Sahel Region’s Water Crisis

    What if water infrastructure could do more than deliver clean drinking water — what if it could transform economies, support food security, reduce climate migration, and unite communities across borders?

    In this 3-part series, Urban Limitrophe explores the story of the TransAfrica Pipeline (TAP) — a visionary project to bring clean, desalinated water across the Sahel through a 7,000-kilometre pipeline powered by renewable energy. Through conversations with co-founders Dr. Romila Verma and Dr. Rod Tennyson, we unpack how water connects to everything: agriculture, innovation, migration, environmental justice, and community resilience.

    TAP is more than a pipeline — it’s a call to imagine water systems built with care, creativity, and the future in mind.

    Enjoying the series? Continue Listening

    Guests

    Dr. Rod Tennyson

    Co-founder and Chair of the Board of Directors of TAP, Dr. Tennyson received his Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Toronto. He was Professor and Director of the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, with research experience in advanced materials and aerospace structures, fiber optic sensor systems and pipeline integrity. He has published 215 papers in these fields, holds six patents on sensing systems and has received many awards for his pioneering work. Dr. Tennyson directs all research and engineering aspects of the TAP project and leads negotiations with funding resources, governments and NGOs.


    Dr. Romila Verma

    A founding Director of TAP, Dr. Verma is an Instructor at the School of the Environment and Department of Geography at the University of Toronto. Her teaching and research interests are in the field of global water management, environmental science and climate change impacts. She is also the founder of Water Speaks, an organization committed to advancing and translating the voice of water through research, education and action.

    Shownotes

    Acknowledgements

    Sponsorships


    Support
    • Music Producer: Imany Lambropoulos
    • Podcast Host and Graphic Designer: Alexandra Lambropoulos

    Stay in the loop!

    If you would like to be interviewed, have an interesting idea to share for an episode, or have any feedback on the podcast, please email at hello[at]urbanlimitrophe.com or DM on social media!

    If you enjoy the show, please share it with your family, friends, best friend, babysitter, barber ... leave a review, or you can buy me a coffee here!

    Make sure to subscribe to the newsletter and follow the podcast on Instagram to stay in the loop for upcoming episodes and opportunities to engage with guests and the show. 

    Read more »

    Episode 29: How to Build a Continent-Sized Water System (Trans Africa Pipeline Part 1)

    September 01, 2025


    How do you build a continent-sized water system?

    In this episode, we explore what it takes to design a 7,000-kilometre pipeline to bring clean water across one of the driest regions in the world. Co-founders  Dr. Rod Tennyson and Dr. Romila Verma share the origin story of the Trans Africa Pipeline (TAP) — a visionary infrastructure project that combines solar-powered desalination, salt recovery, and lightweight materials to deliver sustainable water access across the Sahel. From technical design to big-picture ambition, we dive into how TAP was engineered — and how it could change lives on a continental scale.



    You can listen to the podcast on The Nurubian |  Spotify | Podchaser | Stitcher | Amazon Music | RSS | Apple Podcasts 


    About the Series: How the Trans Africa Pipeline (TAP) Can Solve the Sahel Region’s Water Crisis

    What if water infrastructure could do more than deliver clean drinking water — what if it could transform economies, support food security, reduce climate migration, and unite communities across borders?

    In this 3-part series, Urban Limitrophe explores the story of the TransAfrica Pipeline (TAP) — a visionary project to bring clean, desalinated water across the Sahel through a 7,000-kilometre pipeline powered by renewable energy. Through conversations with co-founders Dr. Romila Verma and Dr. Rod Tennyson, we unpack how water connects to everything: agriculture, innovation, migration, environmental justice, and community resilience.

    TAP is more than a pipeline — it’s a call to imagine water systems built with care, creativity, and the future in mind.

    Enjoying the series? Continue Listening

    Co-founder and Chair of the Board of Directors of TAP, Dr. Tennyson received his Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Toronto. He was Professor and Director of the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, with research experience in advanced materials and aerospace structures, fiber optic sensor systems and pipeline integrity. He has published 215 papers in these fields, holds six patents on sensing systems and has received many awards for his pioneering work. Dr. Tennyson directs all research and engineering aspects of the TAP project and leads negotiations with funding resources, governments and NGOs.


    Dr. Romila Verma

    A founding Director of TAP, Dr. Verma is an Instructor at the School of the Environment and Department of Geography at the University of Toronto. Her teaching and research interests are in the field of global water management, environmental science and climate change impacts. She is also the founder of Water Speaks, an organization committed to advancing and translating the voice of water through research, education and action.

    Shownotes

    Acknowledgements

    Sponsorships


    Support
    • Music Producer: Imany Lambropoulos
    • Podcast Host and Graphic Designer: Alexandra Lambropoulos

    Stay in the loop!

    If you would like to be interviewed, have an interesting idea to share for an episode, or have any feedback on the podcast, please email at hello[at]urbanlimitrophe.com or DM on social media!

    If you enjoy the show, please share it with your family, friends, best friend, babysitter, barber ... leave a review, or you can buy me a coffee here!

    Make sure to subscribe to the newsletter and follow the podcast on Instagram to stay in the loop for upcoming episodes and opportunities to engage with guests and the show. 

    Read more »
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